Halogen Compounds

Compound Y is hydrolysed by warm aqueous silver nitrate to form a precipitate that is soluble in dilute aqueous ammonia.

Compound Y undergoes an elimination reaction to form an alkene.

What is the skeletal formula of compound Y?

Options

1-chloro-2-methylpropane and 2-bromo-2-methylbutane react separately with aqueous silver nitrate in ethanol.

Both reactions proceed via nucleophilic substitution and a precipitate is formed.

The time taken for 1-chloro-2-methylpropane to form a precipitate is $T_1$.

The time taken for 2-bromo-2-methylbutane to form a precipitate is $T_2$.

Which row is correct?

Options

Structural isomerism and stereoisomerism should be considered when answering this question.

2,5-dibromohexane is heated under reflux with ethanolic KOH.

How many isomeric compounds are formed with molecular formula $\text{C}_6\text{H}_{10}$?

Options

A   3
B   5
C   6
D   7

A possible mechanism for the exothermic hydrolysis of 2-chloro-2-methylpropane is shown.

Which diagram represents the reaction pathway diagram for this mechanism?

Options

A   Diagram A
B   Diagram B
C   Diagram C
D   Diagram D

Two reactions are described.

1. 2-bromo-2-methylbutane heated with $\text{NaOH}(\text{aq})$
2. 2-chloro-2-methylbutane heated with $\text{NaOH}(\text{aq})$

In both reactions, the conditions are the same and $\text{NaOH}(\text{aq})$ is in excess.

$30.18\text{ g}$ of 2-bromo-2-methylbutane forms $12.32\text{ g}$ of product X.

[$M_r$: 2-bromo-2-methylbutane, 150.9; 2-chloro-2-methylbutane, 106.5]

Which row is correct?

Options

Which statement about the mechanism of an $\text{S}_\text{N}1$ reaction of a halogenoalkane is correct?

Options

A   A nucleophile is substituted by an electrophile.
B   One intermediate is formed from two reacting molecules.
C   The intermediate is stabilised by adjacent alkyl groups.
D   The intermediate is uncharged.

Which row gives pentanenitrile as one product?

Options

Four reagents are listed.

1 aqueous $\text{KCl}$
2 dilute $\text{HCl}$
3 liquid $\text{SOCl}_2$
4 solid $\text{PCl}_5$

Which reagents, when added to ethanol, will rapidly produce a gas that turns blue litmus red?

Options

A   1 and 2
B   1 and 3
C   2 and 4
D   3 and 4

Four drops of 1-chlorobutane, 1-bromobutane and 1-iodobutane are put separately into three test-tubes containing $1.0\text{ cm}^3$ of aqueous silver nitrate at $60^\circ\text{C}$. In each case, a hydrolysis reaction occurs.

$$\text{H}_2\text{O(l)} + \text{R–X(l)} + \text{Ag}^+(\text{aq}) \rightarrow \text{R–OH(aq)} + \text{AgX(s)} + \text{H}^+(\text{aq})$$

$\text{R}$ represents $\text{C}_4\text{H}_9$ and $\text{X}$ represents the halogen atom.

The rate of formation of cloudiness in the test-tubes is in the order $\text{RCl} < \text{RBr} < \text{RI}$.

Why is this?

Options

A   The bond energy of R–X decreases from $\text{RCl}$ to $\text{RI}$.
B   The first ionisation energy of the halogen decreases from $\text{Cl}$ to $\text{I}$.
C   The solubility of $\text{AgX(s)}$ decreases from $\text{AgCl}$ to $\text{AgI}$.
D   The R–X bond polarity decreases from $\text{RCl}$ to $\text{RI}$.

Alkane S has molecular formula $\text{C}_4\text{H}_{10}$.

S reacts with $\text{Cl}_2(\text{g})$ in the presence of sunlight to produce only two different monochloroalkanes, $\text{C}_4\text{H}_9\text{Cl}$. Both of these monochloroalkanes are treated with hot ethanolic $\text{KOH}$. They both produce the same alkene T, and no other organic products.

What is produced when T is treated with hot concentrated acidified $\text{KMnO}_4$?

Options

A   $\text{CO}_2$ and $\text{CH}_3\text{CH}_2\text{CO}_2\text{H}$
B   $\text{CO}_2$ and $\text{CH}_3\text{COCH}_3$
C   $\text{HCO}_2\text{H}$ and $\text{CH}_3\text{COCH}_3$
D   $\text{CH}_3\text{CO}_2\text{H}$ only