Introduction to Organic Chemistry

The diagram shows the structure of progesterone.

Which statement about progesterone is correct?

Options

A   One molecule contains four chiral carbon atoms only; the molecular formula is $\text{C}_{19}\text{H}_{26}\text{O}_2$.
B   One molecule contains four chiral carbon atoms only; the molecular formula is $\text{C}_{21}\text{H}_{30}\text{O}_2$.
C   One molecule contains six chiral carbon atoms; the molecular formula is $\text{C}_{19}\text{H}_{26}\text{O}_2$.
D   One molecule contains six chiral carbon atoms; the molecular formula is $\text{C}_{21}\text{H}_{30}\text{O}_2$.

The diagrams show the structures of two isomeric dicarboxylic acids, X and Y.

X can be reduced to compound P with empirical formula $\text{C}_2\text{H}_5\text{O}$.

Y can be reduced to compound Q, also with empirical formula $\text{C}_2\text{H}_5\text{O}$.

Which statement is correct?

Options

A   X is a cis isomer; compound P and compound Q are identical.
B   X is a cis isomer; compound P and compound Q are isomers of each other.
C   X is a trans isomer; compound P and compound Q are identical.
D   X is a trans isomer; compound P and compound Q are isomers of each other.

Complete combustion of compound T produces carbon dioxide and water only. Compound T produces steamy fumes with $\text{PCl}_5$. Compound T does not give any visible product with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine reagent.

What can be deduced with certainty from this information?

Options

A   Compound T is a carboxylic acid.
B   Compound T is a hydrocarbon.
C   Compound T is an alcohol.
D   Compound T is not an aldehyde.

Structural isomerism and stereoisomerism should be considered when answering this question.

2,5-dibromohexane is heated under reflux with ethanolic KOH.

How many isomeric compounds are formed with molecular formula $\text{C}_6\text{H}_{10}$?

Options

A   3
B   5
C   6
D   7

Considering only structural isomers, what is the number of alcohols of each type with the formula $\text{C}_5\text{H}_{12}\text{O}$?

Options

Which structure represents part of the polymer chain of PVC?

Options

A   Structure A
B   Structure B
C   Structure C
D   Structure D

The structure of the testosterone molecule is shown.

Which statements are correct?

1. Carbon atoms C1 and C2 can be oxidised with acidified $\text{K}_2\text{Cr}_2\text{O}_7$.
2. There are fewer than 27 hydrogen atoms in one testosterone molecule.
3. There are six chiral carbon atoms in one testosterone molecule.

Options

A   1 only
B   2 and 3
C   2 only
D   3 only

The structural formula of hept-1,4,5-triene is shown.

$$\text{CH}_2\text{CHCH}_2\text{CHCCHCH}_3$$

How many of the carbon atoms in one molecule of hept-1,4,5-triene are $\text{sp}^2$ hybridised?

Options

A   4
B   5
C   6
D   7

The skeletal formulae of arginine and lysine are shown.

Which row is correct?

Options

Including structural isomers and stereoisomers, how many isomers are there of $\text{C}_2\text{H}_2\text{Br}_2$?

Options

A   2
B   3
C   4
D   5