States of Matter

Information about two substances is given.

Which row describes the structure and bonding in substances P and Q?

Options

An excess of zinc reacts with $x\text{ cm}^3$ of $2.00\text{ mol dm}^{-3}$ hydrochloric acid.

The gas produced is dried and collected.

The gas occupies $1.534\text{ dm}^3$ at $101\text{ }000\text{ Pa}$ and $293\text{ K}$.

The gas produced behaves as an ideal gas.

What is the value of $x$?

Options

A   $31.8\text{ cm}^3$
B   $34.7\text{ cm}^3$
C   $63.6\text{ cm}^3$
D   $69.4\text{ cm}^3$

Substance W has the physical properties shown.

What is substance W?

Options

A   aluminium oxide
B   iron
C   silicon dioxide
D   sodium fluoride

Which diagram represents the lattice structure of sodium chloride?

Options

A   Diagram A
B   Diagram B
C   Diagram C
D   Diagram D

The diagram shows two containers of methane connected by a closed tap.

Each container has a volume of $1.00 \text{ m}^3$.

The tap is opened. The temperature of the system is changed to $800\text{ K}$.

The system reaches constant pressure.

What is the pressure of methane within the system?

Options

A   $23.3 \text{ kPa}$
B   $46.6 \text{ kPa}$
C   $186 \text{ kPa}$
D   $372 \text{ kPa}$

The table shows some data for the elements in Period 3 of the Periodic Table.

Which statements are correct?

1. All the elements in the table with a giant structure have a higher melting point than each of the elements in the table with a simple molecular structure.
2. Magnesium has a higher melting point than sodium because it has more delocalised electrons and stronger electrostatic attraction between the delocalised electrons and the metal ions.
3. Phosphorus and sulfur do not conduct electricity because they are simple molecular solids at room conditions.

Options

A   1, 2 and 3
B   1 and 2 only
C   1 and 3 only
D   2 and 3 only

Consider the following statements.

1 Silicon dioxide has a higher melting point than sulfur dioxide.
2 Ammonia has a higher boiling point than phosphine, PH₃.

Which statements are correct?

Options

A   both statement 1 and statement 2
B   statement 1 only
C   statement 2 only
D   neither statement 1 nor statement 2

The average intermolecular forces in water are much stronger than the average intermolecular forces in steam.

The average intermolecular forces in ice are slightly stronger than the average intermolecular forces in water.

Enthalpy changes are associated with the equilibrium processes shown.

$$\begin{aligned} \text{H}_2\text{O(l)} &\rightleftharpoons \text{H}_2\text{O(g)} \quad \Delta H_\text{b} \\ \text{H}_2\text{O(s)} &\rightleftharpoons \text{H}_2\text{O(l)} \quad \Delta H_\text{m} \end{aligned}$$

Which statements are correct?

1 $\Delta H_\text{b}$ and $\Delta H_\text{m}$ are both negative.
2 $\Delta H_\text{b}$ is greater than $\Delta H_\text{m}$.
3 The intermolecular forces in ice and water are of the same type.

Options

A   1, 2 and 3
B   1 and 2 only
C   1 and 3 only
D   2 and 3 only

A sample of an ideal gas occupies $240\text{ cm}^3$ at $37^\circ\text{C}$ and $100\text{ kPa}$.

How many moles of gas are present in the sample?

Options

A   $9.32 \times 10^{-6}$
B   $9.32 \times 10^{-3}$
C   $0.0781$
D   $78.1$

In which substance are covalent bonds broken as it melts?

Options

A   silicon(IV) oxide
B   ice
C   iodine
D   ethanol