Carbonyl Compounds

On treating compounds containing each of these functional groups with the reagents below, only five reactions occur. Complete the table by placing a tick ($\checkmark$) in each box where you believe a reaction will occur. You should place no more than five ticks in the table.

What functional group do these reactions show to be present in G?

Draw the displayed formula of this functional group.

When G is reacted with NaBH$_4$ under suitable conditions, compound J is formed.

Give the structural formula of compound J.

Complete the table as fully as you can.

If you think no reaction occurs, write ‘no reaction’ in the box for the structural formula(e).

During some of the reactions in (i) a colour change occurs.

Complete the table below for any such reactions, stating the letter of the reaction and what the colour change is.

Draw the structural formula of the organic compound formed when $\text{HOCH}_2\text{CH}_2\text{CHO}$ reacts with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine reagent.

Suggest the colour of the organic product.

Complete the table as fully as you can.

If you think no reaction occurs, write 'no reaction' in the box for the structural formula(e).

During some of the reactions in (i) a colour change occurs.

Complete the table below for any such reactions, stating the letter of the reaction and what the colour change is.

Draw the structural formula of the organic compound formed when $\text{HOCH}_2\text{CH}_2\text{CHO}$ reacts with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine reagent.

Suggest the colour of the organic product.

State the functional group in ethanal, propanal and propanone.

State a reagent and the relevant observation that confirm that F, G and H have the same functional group.

reagent .....................................................................................................................................

observation ...............................................................................................................................

Use Table 6.1 to name the organic compounds in bottles F, G and H.

F = .............................................

G = .............................................

H = .............................................

Identify the yellow precipitate produced when alkaline $\text{I}_2(\text{aq})$ is added to separate samples of F and G.

Table 4.1 gives details of tests on J to M. In each test, only two compounds give a positive result.

Complete Table 4.1.

Table 4.1

Complete Fig. 4.2 to show the mechanism for this reaction.

Include charges, dipoles, lone pairs of electrons and curly arrows, as appropriate.

In the boxes below, draw the structural formulae of R, S, and T.

State the reagents that would be used for each of these reactions in a school or college laboratory.

reduction ....................................................................................................................

dehydration ................................................................................................................

In the boxes below, write the structural formula of the organic compound formed when Q is reacted separately with each reagent under suitable conditions.
If you think no reaction occurs, write 'NO REACTION' in the box.

What type of reaction is this?

What reagents are used?

Construct a balanced equation for the reaction between propanone and 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine.

A similar type of reaction occurs between propanone and hydroxylamine, NH₂OH.

Draw the displayed formula of the organic product of this reaction.

Name the type of reaction involved when Tollens’ reagent is used to identify an aldehyde.

Name the type of reaction involved in the test for a carbonyl group using 2,4-DNPH.

Name the type of reaction involved in the reaction of a ketone with $\text{NaBH}_4$.

Name the type of reaction involved in the reaction of an aldehyde with $\text{HCN}$.