Nitrogen Compounds

In a school or college laboratory, it is possible to convert a sample of hydroxyethanal into aminoethanoic acid in a three-step process.

$$\text{HOCH}_2\text{CHO} \xrightarrow{\text{step 1}} \mathbf{X} \xrightarrow{\text{step 2}} \mathbf{Y} \xrightarrow{\text{step 3}} \text{H}_2\text{NCH}_2\text{CO}_2\text{H}$$

By considering the possible reactions of the functional groups present in hydroxyethanal, you are to deduce a possible route for this conversion.

(i) In the boxes below, draw the structural formulae of your suggested intermediates X and Y.

(ii) State the reagents for each of the three steps you have chosen.

step 1 ......................................................

step 2 ......................................................

step 3 ......................................................

Complete Table 4.1 to give details of the reagents and conditions used in each of the two syntheses shown in Fig. 4.3 and Fig. 4.4.

Table 4.1

$\text{Ba(OH)}_2$ is used to hydrolyse organic compounds.

Fig. 2.2 shows the reaction of B with $\text{Ba(OH)}_2$, followed by acidification.

Draw the structures of the organic products of the process shown in Fig. 2.2.

Ba(OH)₂ is used to hydrolyse organic compounds.

Fig. 2.2 shows the reaction of B with Ba(OH)₂, followed by acidification.

Draw the structures of the organic products of the process shown in Fig. 2.2.

For each of the reactions state the reagent(s), the particular conditions required, if any, and the type of reaction.

For the type of reaction choose from the list.
Each type may be used once, more than once or not at all.
Each reaction may be described by more than one type.

• elimination
• hydrolysis
• substitution
• oxidation
• addition
• condensation