Temperature

Define specific latent heat.

Explain why, for a substance, the specific latent heat of vaporisation is usually greater than the specific latent heat of fusion.

An ice cube of mass $37.0\ \text{g}$ at temperature $0.0\ ^{\circ}\text{C}$ is placed in a beaker containing water of mass $208\ \text{g}$ at temperature $26.4\ ^{\circ}\text{C}$.

When all the ice has melted, and all the water in the beaker has reached thermal equilibrium, the final temperature of all the water is $10.3\ ^{\circ}\text{C}$.

The specific heat capacity of water is $4.18\ \text{J g}^{-1}\ ^{\circ}\text{C}^{-1}$.

The beaker has negligible specific heat capacity and is perfectly insulated from the surroundings.

Determine a value, to three significant figures, for the specific latent heat of fusion of water.

specific latent heat of fusion = ______ $\text{J g}^{-1}$

Define specific latent heat.

Explain why, for a substance, the specific latent heat of vaporisation is usually greater than the specific latent heat of fusion.

An ice cube of mass $37.0\ \text{g}$ at temperature $0.0\ ^{\circ}\text{C}$ is placed in a beaker containing water of mass $208\ \text{g}$ at temperature $26.4\ ^{\circ}\text{C}$.

When all the ice has melted, and all the water in the beaker has reached thermal equilibrium, the final temperature of all the water is $10.3\ ^{\circ}\text{C}$.

The specific heat capacity of water is $4.18\ \text{J g}^{-1}\ ^{\circ}\text{C}^{-1}$.

The beaker has negligible specific heat capacity and is perfectly insulated from the surroundings.

Determine a value, to three significant figures, for the specific latent heat of fusion of water.

specific latent heat of fusion = ______ $\text{J g}^{-1}$

State what is meant by two objects being in thermal equilibrium.

$E_1$, gained by the ice as it melts to become water at $0\,^{\circ}\text{C}$

$E_1$ = ______

$E_2$, lost by the water as its Celsius temperature decreases from $t$ to $\theta$

$E_2$ = ______

$E_3$, gained by the melted ice as its Celsius temperature increases from $0\,^{\circ}\text{C}$ to $\theta$.

$E_3$ = ______

Use your answers in (b) to show that the final Celsius temperature $\theta$ of the system is given by

State what is meant by two objects being in thermal equilibrium.

The value of $\Delta h$ can be used to calculate the pressure of the gas. In order to do this, the gravitational field strength is used, along with a property of the liquid.

State the property of the liquid that is used to calculate the pressure.

Before the measurement of $\Delta h$ can be made, the glass bulb needs to reach thermal equilibrium with the environment for which the temperature is to be measured.

State two disadvantages of using a constant volume gas thermometer to measure temperature.

Suggest one situation in which a constant volume gas thermometer would be an appropriate type of thermometer to choose for measuring temperature.

Level X aligns with $2.31\text{ cm}$ on the scale. At $0\text{ }^{\circ}\text{C}$, level Y aligns with $8.69\text{ cm}$.

At temperature $\theta$, level Y aligns with $7.83\text{ cm}$ on the scale.

Determine a value for $\theta$ in $^{\circ}\text{C}$.

$\theta$ = ______ $^{\circ}\text{C}$

State the magnitude and unit of absolute zero on the thermodynamic temperature scale.

Explain why temperature measured using a laboratory liquid-in-glass thermometer does not give a measurement of thermodynamic temperature.

Explain how Fig. 2.2 shows that platinum is a suitable metal for use in a resistance thermometer.

Suggest a reason why a platinum resistance thermometer is not suitable for measuring a rapidly changing temperature.

Suggest a type of thermometer that is suitable for measuring a rapidly changing temperature.

A negative temperature coefficient thermistor may be used as a type of resistance thermometer.

State one way in which the variation with temperature of the resistance of a thermistor differs from that of a platinum wire.

State the magnitude and unit of absolute zero on the thermodynamic temperature scale.

Explain why temperature measured using a laboratory liquid-in-glass thermometer does not give a measurement of thermodynamic temperature.

Explain how Fig. 2.2 shows that platinum is a suitable metal for use in a resistance thermometer.

Suggest a reason why a platinum resistance thermometer is not suitable for measuring a rapidly changing temperature.

Suggest a type of thermometer that is suitable for measuring a rapidly changing temperature.

A negative temperature coefficient thermistor may be used as a type of resistance thermometer.

State one way in which the variation with temperature of the resistance of a thermistor differs from that of a platinum wire.

Define specific heat capacity.

State three conclusions that may be drawn from Fig. 2.1. The conclusions may be qualitative or quantitative.

1 ______

2 ______

3 ______

The ratio $\frac{\text{mass of block Y}}{\text{mass of block X}}$ is equal to 1.3.

The metal in block Y has a specific heat capacity of $901\ \text{J kg}^{-1}\ \text{K}^{-1}$.

Determine the specific heat capacity of the metal in block X.

specific heat capacity = ______ $\text{J kg}^{-1}\ \text{K}^{-1}$

Define specific heat capacity.

State three conclusions that may be drawn from Fig. 2.1. The conclusions may be qualitative or quantitative.

1 ______
2 ______
3 ______

The ratio $\frac{\text{mass of block Y}}{\text{mass of block X}}$ is equal to 1.3.

The metal in block Y has a specific heat capacity of $901\ \text{J kg}^{-1}\ \text{K}^{-1}$.

Determine the specific heat capacity of the metal in block X.

specific heat capacity = ______ $\text{J kg}^{-1}\ \text{K}^{-1}$

State the reason why two objects that are at the same temperature are described as being in thermal equilibrium.

mercury is a suitable liquid

water is not a suitable liquid.

State the boiling temperature, in $^\circ\text{C}$, of the liquid.

temperature = ______ $^\circ\text{C}$

Determine the specific heat capacity, in $\text{J g}^{-1} \text{K}^{-1}$, of the liquid.

specific heat capacity = ______ $\text{J g}^{-1} \text{K}^{-1}$

The experiment in (c) is repeated using water instead of the liquid in (c). The mass of liquid used, the power supplied, and the initial temperature are all unchanged.
The specific heat capacity of water is approximately twice that of the liquid in (c).
The boiling temperature of water is $100\ ^\circ\text{C}$.

On Fig. 3.2, sketch the variation with time $t$ of the temperature of the water between $t = 0$ and $t = 60\ \text{s}$. Numerical calculations are not required.

State the reason why two objects that are at the same temperature are described as being in thermal equilibrium.

mercury is a suitable liquid

water is not a suitable liquid.

State the boiling temperature, in $^{\circ}\text{C}$, of the liquid.

temperature = ______ $^{\circ}\text{C}$

Determine the specific heat capacity, in $\text{J g}^{-1} \text{K}^{-1}$, of the liquid.

specific heat capacity = ______ $\text{J g}^{-1} \text{K}^{-1}$

The experiment in (c) is repeated using water instead of the liquid in (c). The mass of liquid used, the power supplied, and the initial temperature are all unchanged.
The specific heat capacity of water is approximately twice that of the liquid in (c).
The boiling temperature of water is $100^{\circ}\text{C}$.

On Fig. 3.2, sketch the variation with time $t$ of the temperature of the water between $t = 0$ and $t = 60\ \text{s}$. Numerical calculations are not required.