Presentation of Data and Observations

Using the set square, measure and record the angle $x$, as shown in Fig. 1.2.

$x$ = ______

Hook the mass hanger on the string loop. Record the mass $m$ that is suspended from the loop.

$m$ = ______

Using the set square, measure and record the angle $y$, as shown in Fig. 1.3.

$y$ = ______

Calculate $\theta$, where $\theta = y - x$.

$\theta$ = ______

Change $m$ by adding masses to the hanger and repeat (d)(ii), (d)(iii) and (d)(iv).
Repeat this procedure until you have six sets of values for $m$ (the total suspended mass) and angle $y$.
Include in your table values for $\theta$ (using your answer from (c)) and $\sin \theta$.

Plot a graph of $\sin \theta$ on the $y$-axis against $m$ on the $x$-axis.

Draw the straight line of best fit.

Determine the gradient and $y$-intercept of this line.

gradient = ______
$y$-intercept = ______

Take measurements to determine the radius $r$ of the beaker.

$r$ = ______

Measure and record the distance $h$ from the bench to the top of the spring at A, as shown in Fig. 1.2.

$h$ = ______ $\text{cm}$

Measure and record the distance $x$ from the string loop below A to the string loop supporting M, as shown in Fig. 1.2.

$x$ = ______ $\text{cm}$

Lower boss A and repeat (c) until you have six sets of values of $h$ and $x$.
Include values of $\frac{1}{h}$ and $\frac{x}{h}$ in your table.

The position of boss B should remain the same throughout the experiment.

Plot a graph of $\frac{1}{h}$ on the $y$-axis against $\frac{x}{h}$ on the $x$-axis.

Draw the straight line of best fit.

Measure and record distance $k$ between the loop and the end of the rule as shown in Fig. 1.1.

$k$ = ______ $\text{cm}$

Measure and record lengths $d$ and $D$.

$d$ = ______
$D$ = ______

Calculate the value of $\frac{(D - d)}{D}$.

$\frac{(D - d)}{D}$ = ______

By moving the mass hanger along the metre rule, repeat (b)(ii), (b)(iii) and (b)(iv) until you have six sets of values of $d$ and $D$.
Include values of $\frac{1}{D}$ and $\frac{(D - d)}{D}$ in your table.

Plot a graph of $\frac{(D - d)}{D}$ on the $y$-axis against $\frac{1}{D}$ on the $x$-axis.

Draw the straight line of best fit.

Adjust the variable resistor and repeat (b)(iii) until you have six sets of values of $I$ and $V$. Include values of $\frac{1}{I}$ and $\frac{1}{V}$ in your table.

Open the switch when you have taken all your readings.

Plot a graph of $\frac{1}{I}$ on the $y$-axis against $\frac{1}{V}$ on the $x$-axis.

Draw the straight line of best fit.

● Keep F and G in the same positions so that the value of $w$ remains the same.

● Change some of the connecting leads to set up the circuit shown in Fig. 1.2.

● Close the switch.

● Record the ammeter reading $I_2$.

$I_2$ = ______

● Open the switch.

● Calculate $I_1 I_2$.

$I_1 I_2$ = ______

Using values of $w$ greater than $55\text{ cm}$, change $w$ by placing G at different positions on the wire and record $I_1$ and $I_2$.

Repeat until you have six sets of readings of $w$, $I_1$ and $I_2$. Include your values from (a) and (b).

Record your results in a table. Include values of $I_1 I_2$ and $\frac{1}{w}$ in your table.

Plot a graph of $I_1 I_2$ on the $y$-axis against $\frac{1}{w}$ on the $x$-axis.

Draw the straight line of best fit.

● Set up the apparatus as shown in Fig. 1.1.

● The length $L_0$ of the spring combination is measured between the top coil of the upper spring and the bottom coil of the lower spring, as shown in Fig. 1.1.

Measure and record $L_0$.

$L_0$ = ______ $\text{cm}$

● Use the lower string loop to suspend a total mass of $200\text{ g}$, as shown in Fig. 1.2.

● The new length of the spring combination is $L$.

Measure and record $L$.

$L$ = ______ $\text{cm}$

● The spring constant $k$ of the spring combination is given by the equation

where $W$ is $1.96\text{ N}$.

Calculate $k$.

● Set up the apparatus as shown in Fig. 1.3.

● Use the adhesive putty to fix two $100\text{ g}$ slotted masses with their centres above the $50.0\text{ cm}$ mark on the rule. The masses must remain at this position throughout the experiment.

● Place the lower string loop at the $5.0\text{ cm}$ mark on the rule.

● The distance between the pivot and the midpoint of the rule is $a$.

Adjust the pivot so that $a$ is approximately $25\text{ cm}$.

● Adjust the stand, boss and clamp so that the springs are vertical and the rule is horizontal.

● Measure and record $a$ and $L$.

$a$ = ______
$L$ = ______

● The extension of the spring combination is given by the equation

Calculate $e$.

$e$ = ______

● Change $a$ by moving the pivot. Adjust the stand, boss and clamp so that the springs are vertical and the rule is horizontal. Measure $a$ and $L$. Repeat until you have six sets of values of $a$ and $L$.
Do not include values of $a$ less than $15.0\text{ cm}$.

Record your results in a table. Include values of $e$, $\frac{1}{a}$ and $\frac{1}{e}$ in your table.

Plot a graph of $\frac{1}{e}$ on the $y$-axis against $\frac{1}{a}$ on the $x$-axis.

Draw the straight line of best fit.

● Move M along the strip and adjust the apparatus so that the strip is parallel to the bench.
● Measure $L$ and determine $T$.
● Repeat until you have six sets of values of $L$ and $T$.
Record your results in a table. Include values of $L^2$ and $T^2$ in your table.

Plot a graph of $T^2$ on the $y$-axis against $L^2$ on the $x$-axis.

Draw the straight line of best fit.

Determine the gradient and $y$-intercept of this line.

gradient = ______
$y$-intercept = ______

You have been provided with two metre rules. One is labelled P and the other is labelled Q.

• Set up the circuit shown in Fig. 1.1.

• F, G, H and J are crocodile clips.

Place H approximately half-way along the wire on rule P.

• The distance between F and H is $d$, as shown in Fig. 1.1.

Record $d$.

$d$ = ______

• Place J on the wire on rule Q so that the distance between G and J is approximately 60 cm. The distance between G and J is $c$, as shown in Fig. 1.1.

• Record $c$.

$c$ = ______

• Calculate $n$, where $n = \frac{c - d}{d}$.

$n$ = ______

Keeping $d$ constant, vary $c$ until you have six sets of readings of $c$ and $I$. Do not use values of $c$ less than $d$.

Record your results in a table. Include values of $n$ and $\frac{(n + 2)}{(n + 1)}$ in your table.

Plot a graph of $I$ on the $y$-axis against $\frac{(n + 2)}{(n + 1)}$ on the $x$-axis.

Draw the straight line of best fit.

Theory suggests that $S$ is inversely proportional to $d$ and that $T$ is independent of $d$. The experiment is repeated using the same equipment but a larger value of $d$.

For this experiment, draw a second line on the graph to show the expected results. Label this line W.

Measure and record the distance $y$ as shown in Fig. 1.4.

$y$ = ______

The mass attached to the card is $m$. Increase $m$ by fixing another 10 g slotted mass on top of, or behind, the first mass.

Record $m$ and repeat (b) until you have six sets of readings of $m$ and $y$. Include your results from (b) and (c).

Include values of $y(C + m)$ in your table.

Plot a graph of $y(C + m)$ on the $y$-axis against $m$ on the $x$-axis.

Draw the straight line of best fit.

Measure and record the diameter $d$ of the card as shown in Fig. 1.1.

$d$ = ______

Cut smaller circles and repeat (b) and (c) until you have six sets of values of $d$ and $N$.
Include in your table the two sets of values already taken.
Also include values of $\frac{1}{d}$ and $\sqrt{N}$ in your table.

Plot a graph of $\sqrt{N}$ on the $y$-axis against $\frac{1}{d}$ on the $x$-axis.

Draw the straight line of best fit.